Software Requirement Specification

Software Requirement Specification IntroductionPurposeThe purpose of this document is to present a detailed description of the Questionnaire data gather System. It will explain the purpose and features of the system, the interfaces of the system, what the system will do, the constraints under which it must operate and how the system will react to external stimuli. This document is intended for both the stakeholders and the developers of the system.Scope of ProjectThis software system will be a Data-gather System  for different organizations that want to carry out research work using questionnaires. This system will be designed to maximize the organization’s productivity by providing tools to assist in automating the questionnaire  review  and publishing process, which would otherwise have to be performed manually. More specifically, this system is designed to allow organizations that wish to gather data from public by means of questionnaire to insert a questionnaire of their own design into the system.  The system a lso contains a relational database  containing a list of organizations, questionnaires and other relevant information concerning the questionnaires.Overall Description of the SystemThis document contains the problem statement that the current system is facing which is hampering the growth opportunities of the company. It further contains a list of the stakeholders and users of the proposed solution. It also illustrates the needs and wants of the stakeholders. It further lists and briefly describes the major features and a brief description of the proposed system.This section provides the detail functions of a Data-gather system with user characteristics permitted constraints, assumptions and dependencies and requirements subsets.Functional Requirements Software Requirement Specification Home›Descriptive Posts›Software Requirement Specification Descriptive PostsIntroductionPurposeThe purpose of this document is to present a detailed description of the Questionnaire data gather System. It will explain the purpose and features of the system, the interfaces of the system, what the system will do, the constraints under which it must operate and how the system will react to external stimuli. This document is intended for both the stakeholders and the developers of the system.Scope of ProjectThis software system will be a Data-gather System  for different organizations that want to carry out research work using questionnaires. This system will be designed to maximize the organization’s productivity by providing tools to assist in automating the questionnaire  review  and publishing process, which would otherwise have to be performed manually. More specifically, this system is designed to allow organizations that wish to gather data from public by means of questionnaire to insert a questionnaire of their own design into the system.  The system also contains a relational database  containing a list of organizations, questionnaires and other relevant information concerning the questionnaires.Overall Description of the SystemThis document contains the problem statement that the current system is facing which is hampering the growth opportunities of the company. It further contains a list of the stakeholders and users of the proposed solution. It also illustrates the needs and wants of the stakeholders. It further lists and briefly describes the major features and a brief description of the proposed system.This section provides the detail functions of a Data-gather system with user characteristics permitted constraints, assumptions and dependencies and requirements subsets.Functional RequirementsThis subsection contains the functional requirements for the system.Display an introductory descriptive paragraphs for t he system, what it does and the targeted usersThe system shall present the title of the questionnaires after the introductory paragraph.The system shall allow the user to select the questionnaire which he/she shall answer.Each question in the questionnaire shall be a statement and shall have a check box on which the user can click to answer the question.The system shall have a submit button that a user can click on in order to submit his/her questionnaire.The system shall allow a user to make changes on the questionnaire as long as s/he has not pressed on the submit button.The system shall allow an organization to insert a questionnaire of their own design.Provide Search facility.The system shall enable user/organization to enter the search text on the screen.The system shall enable user to select multiple options on the screen to search.The system shall enable user to navigate between the search results.The system shall notify the user when no matching items are found on the search .Maintain customer profile.The system shall allow user to create profile and set his credential.The system shall authenticate user credentials to view the profile.The system shall allow user to update the profile information.Provide Customer Support.The system shall provide online help, FAQ’s customer support, and sitemap options for user support.The system shall allow user to select the support type she/he wants.The system shall display the customer support contact numbers on the screen.The system shall allow user to enter the contact number for support personnel to call.The system shall display the online help upon request.The system shall display the FAQ’s upon request.Allow online change or cancellation of a questionnaire.The system shall display the questionnaires that are eligible to change.The system shall allow user to select the questionnaire to be changed.The system shall allow user to cancel the questionnaire.The system shall allow the user to submit a questionnaire l ater.The system shall notify the user about any changes made to the questionnaire.All this features will only be available to authorized persons only.Provide detailed sitemap.The system shall allow user to view detailed sitemap.The System shall be able to present a summary of the responses collected, offering the authorized user a choice of statistical presentations of the data.Non-Functional RequirementsUsabilityGraphical User InterfaceThe system shall provide a uniform look and feel between all the web pages..The system shall provide use of icons and toolbars.AccessibilityThe system shall provide handicap access.The system shall provide multi language support.999% availability through their network facilities onto the internet.PerformanceThe system shall be web-based and has to be run from a web server.The system shall take initial load time depending on internet connection strength which also depends on the media from which the system is run.The performance shall depend upon hard ware components of the client/customer.SecurityData inputNo respondent should be able to fill a questionnaire more than once.The system shall allow anonymous respondents to provide fill questionnaires.Data TransferThe system shall use secure sockets in all transactions that include any confidential user information.The system shall automatically log out all users after a period of inactivity.The system shall confirm all transactions with the customer’s web browser.The system shall not leave any cookies on the customer’s computer containing the user’s password.The system shall not leave any cookies on the customer’s computer containing any of the user’s confidential information.Data StorageThe customer’s web browser shall never display a customer’s password.   It shall always be echoed with special characters representing typed characters.The system’s back-end servers shall never display a user’s password.   The user’s password may be reset but never shown.The sys tem’s back-end servers shall only be accessible to authenticated administrators.The system’s back-end databases shall be encrypted to avoid hacking and data alteration.On-line User Documentation and Help System RequirementsOn-line help system is a critical component of the system.It shall provide specific guidelines to a user for using the Questionnaire data gather system.To implement online user help, link and search fields shall be provided.A general knowledge of computer skill is required to use the system.Hardware InterfacesSince the application must run over the internet, all the hardware shall require to connect internet will be hardware interface for the system. As for e.g. Modem, WAN â€" LAN, Ethernet Cross-Cable.Communications InterfacesThe system shall use the HTTP protocol for communication over the internet and for the intranet communication will be through TCP/IP protocol suite.

Sitting Bull Essay - 1683 Words

Sitting Bull was great leader and a great warrior. He was recognized for many things including the Battle of Little Big Horn and the leader of Strong Hearts, He was the Sash Wearer. He spent much of his life taking care of his tribe and all Native Americans. Sitting Bull is the greatest Sioux chief and one of the greatest Native American chiefs ever. Sitting Bull was born in 1831 in the Hunkapapas tribe. (Estco PBS, 1) The tribe is in South Dakota. (Black1) He was mentally slow when he was born. (Fleischer, 1) His dad’s name was Jumping Bull, and his mom was Her Holy Door. (Garst14) Although some People say his dads name was Returns-Again, his mom was Mixed Days. (Black11) His tribe relied on the buffalo for food and clothes. His†¦show more content†¦Sitting Bull mourned them for a long period of time. He did absolutely nothing all summer. He became better as time went by. Later that fall, Sitting Bull and other Indians went horse stealing and came across a family of a mom and children. The others killed all of the family except one boy. Sitting Bull saved that one boy and adopted him. His name was Kills-Often. He was named for his superb hunting skills (Black, 21-25). Sitting Bull had many jobs to do as the chief of his tribe. One of his careers was to be the Sash Wearer, the leader of a group called the Strong Hearts. The Strong Hearts were a group of Sioux chiefs. They were in charge of the safety of the Sioux. (Black, 26) Later in his life he went on tour with Buffalo Bill on the Wild West show. He enjoyed it but he got homesick and went back to South Dakota to be with his family. (Black, 115) Sitting Bull was never given an actual award. After his death he was considered one of the greatest leaders in American history. He is also known for his many hunting and wilderness skills. Many people believe he was the last Native American to surrender to the settlers. After the treaty was signed to give up all their land, Sitting Bull went to be with his family. (Black, 19) Later at his home he was getting arrested by the American government. There was pushing and shoving and then Sitting Bull was shot and killed. It was December 15, 1890, he was 56 years old. (Black,Show MoreRelatedThe Life Of Sitting Bull1420 Words   |  6 PagesEarly life Sitting Bull was born in Dakota Territory. He was named Jumping Badger at birth, when he was fourteen years old he accompanied a group of Lakota warriors (which included his father and his uncle Four Horns) in a raiding party to take horses from a camp of Crow warriors. Jumping Badger displayed bravery by riding forward and counting coup on one of the surprised Crow, which was witnessed by the other mounted Lakota. Upon returning to camp his father gave a celebratory feast at which heRead MoreSummary :sitting Bull 1395 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly known as Sitting Bull was born around 1831 in what is now known as South Dakota. He lived a life that many people would despise and attempt to get away from. Sitting Bull is one of the most recognizable and important Native American’s in history and he was known for his bravery and standing up for what he believed in. He led his people in multiple battles and did all he could to give them the rights they deserved. Sitting Bull’s parents were Tatanka Iyotanku, Sitting Bull, who was a HunkpapaRead MoreThe Life of Sitting Bull1014 Words   |  5 Pages Sitting Bull was a Lakota Chief who was known for his skills as a warrior as well as his wisdom, which was highly valued by his tribe. In his life he battled against rival Indian tribes such as the Crow, which established him as a great warrior. Later he fought against the United States military, which had invaded their land and tried to take it by both force and by promised they intended to break. In his later years he was a part of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, which made him popular with bothRead MoreSitting Bull and the Paradox of Lakota Nationhood2742 Words   |  11 PagesA Hunkpapa Lakota chief named Sitting Bull and the history of the Lakota nationhood was the chosen subject of Gary C. Anderson to write a biography on. Although most of the history about Sitting Bull took place back in the eighteen hundreds, Anderson did no t come out with his book tell around 1995. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers published the book in 1996. The book follows the history of Sitting Bull and the native Indians fight with the white man over land. The first chapter goes backRead MoreEssay on Sitting Bull1377 Words   |  6 PagesSitting Bull In 1831 an indian child was born, of the Sioux Nation and the Hunkpapa Tribe. His father, Sitting Bull, and mother, Her-holy-door, did not name him Sitting Bull, he was named Jumping Badger. He was never called Jumping Badger, he was called Slow because of his willful and deliberate ways. When Slow was fourteen he insisted on going along with the adult warriors into battle. Usually the untrained youths were errand boys while learning about battle conditions. Slow, screaming aRead MoreEssay about Review over the Paradox of Sitting Bull4167 Words   |  17 Pagesgovernment was Sitting Bull, Chief of the Sioux and entire Lakota nation. He led a large amount of Sioux warriors in many battles against the American government that were fought over the rights and lands of the Lakota nation. He was against the American government and the forceful ways that they took over Indian lands, and therefore he used his strong, spiritual leadership abilities to battle against the American government as well as the U.S army. The author of the biography Sitting Bull and the ParadoxRead MoreThe, Sitting Bull, By Andy Warhol Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesAndy Warhol’s 2-D silkscreen print, Sitting Bull, is a very popular and controversial print from his series Cowboys and Indian s. The print is representational, based on an original archival photo of the Sioux Chief, Sitting Bull. In the original photograph and print, the Chief is posing for a headshot photo, with a calm facial expression and stance. In the print, the artist chose to make the chief’s skin light blue, his dress bright red, his hair dark blue, and his shape is outlined in yellow, whiteRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Philbrick s Mayflower 1521 Words   |  7 Pagesplains that would help shape our nation as we know it today. Leading up to the Battle of Little Bighorn, Philbrick goes into great detail to explain the personal lives and backgrounds of both General George Armstrong Custer and his counterpart Chief Sitting Bull. The reader gathers a great sense of who these men were, what their personalities may have been like, and the effect that they could have on people throughout their lives. The battle itself has become a major part of American folklore after it’sRead MoreThe Battle of the Little Bighorn Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe most prominent battle of this war was the Battle of Little Big Horn, due to the amount of casualties taken by the U.S. 7TH Cavalry led by General George Armstrong Custer. The Native American tribes that defeated the 7TH Cavalry were led by Sitting Bull of the Hunkpapa Sioux. The battle that occurred at the Black Hills of South Dakota was a result of looking for the prospect of gold in the area2. History: To understand the battle of Little Big Horn and the decisions made on the battlefieldRead MoreThe Religious Movement Of Nanissaanah And Ghost Dance844 Words   |  4 Pagestheir leaders was TÈŸatÈŸÃ ¡Ã…‹ka à yotÈŸake, who was better known as Sitting Bull. He resisted U.S. Indian policy,which did not settle well with the white officials. The same reservation officials called upon the U.S. government to put an end to the movement. President Benjamin Harrison decided to put an end to the growing anxiety of the dancing by dispatching U.S. missionaries to arrest Native American leaders. Instead of throwing Sitting Bull and Big Foot in jail, like how they were ordered to by the government

November 11 Frances Armistice Day - 1367 Words

Parades go through the streets of France with flowers and memorials. The crowd is silent and weeping for those dead. Shops are closed and houses quiet as the President comes forth to give a long speech for those lost. It’s France’s huge mourning day. Appropriate for the day, to honor those who have died fighting for France, and a great happiness for the end of World War 1. November 11th has always been known as Armistice Day. This holiday, also known as L’Armstice in France, has been honored and remembered every year since World War 1. On Armistice Day the shops, schools and offices of France are closed. Instead thousands of people gather for parades and church services to honor those lost. Many significant people including the†¦show more content†¦Austria declared war with Serbia, and Russia responded by declaring mobilisation. Russia tried to negotiate terms with Austria, but they wouldn’t comply. On August 1 of 1914, Austria declared war on Russia. Germany declared mobilisation on the same day as Russia did, and they already had a plan known as the Schlieffen plan, which was to invade France and then turn and invade Russia. They decided that with their mobilisation they would try to attack France. France disagreed to military pressure made by Germany and on August 3rd, 1914, Germany declared war on France. The war continued for about 4 years after the declaration of war. Germany was prepared to go along with the previously made Schlieffen Plan and attack France. The initial plan was to defeat Belgium and get to France, thinking Belgium would be an easy win. This proved to be quite the opposite as Belgium put up an incredibly fierce fight despite it’s small size. In addition to it’s persistence Britain also helped to fight for Belgium’s neutrality in the war. This held up Germany for a little and it lost more troops than it was expected to. However Germany still stayed on schedule with the plan. Britain’s army that came to help was very small, but it was very highly-skilled. They were almost defeated by Germany many times, but they managed to hold them off long enough that the French troops had time to arrive and help hold them off. On September 4th, the retreat of the French and British troops wasShow MoreRelatedWorld War I Was The Rise Of Nationalism And Im perialism990 Words   |  4 PagesSerbia looked to Russia for support, making them alliances. Russia started to mobilize their military, which lead to Germany to declare war on Russia on August 1st, and since France was already an alliance to Russia, Germany declared war on France two days later. Britain needed to keep alliances with Russia and France for trade and political reasons, so on August 4th Britain declared war on Germany. Germany followed the Schlieffen Plan which assumed there would be a 2 front war. They decided to defeatRead MoreInternational Relations : Hy 400 : Crisis Decision Making2623 Words   |  11 PagesVersailles in 1919. France, because of its need to secure its borders with its former Great War foe, Germany, and in fear of that the reparations, as they had been dictated by Versailles treaty, would not be paid, invaded the area of Ruhr on January 11, 1923, along with Belgium. The passive resistance shown by the Germans, alongside with the unfavourable to the occupation Great Britain’s and USA’s attitude, led to the Dawes’ Plan in 1924 and its implementation. Dawes’ Plan was confirmed by the LondonRead MoreUnit 4 The Great War Essay2419 Words   |  10 Pagesmotivation to fight C. â€Å" Harlem Hell Fighters † The 369th Infantry Regiment was especially eager to fight Loaned to the French, the regiment was integrated into the French army Because of their distinguished service, the entire regiment received France’s highest combat medal D. Revolution in Russia Russia was no longer a factor in the war after the Bolshevik Revolution.   Czar Nicholas II    was forced to give up power and he was replaced with a â€Å"Republican government†   Bolsheviks   , followersRead MoreWal-Mar Global Expansion Strategy10037 Words   |  41 Pagesglobe, both economically and politically. 60% of its trade is settled with the other EU member nations, then follows the U.S. In recent years France has been able to run an increasing current account surplus of US $ 1.6 billion (as of 1998) [9, 10, 11]. RETAIL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Marketing products and services in France is much like marketing them in the U.S., notwithstanding some significant differences in cultural factors and the legal framework. As reflected in the growth of supermarkets andRead MoreThe Congo Crisis: an International Perspective Essay example6247 Words   |  25 Pagescities of Là ©opoldville, Jadotville and Elizabethville in 1957, but it was events taking place outside the Congo that sped up demands for independence. In 1957, Ghana gained its independence from the United Kingdom and President De Gaulle offered France’s sub-Saharan African colonies the choice of full independence or association with France. Furthermore, the 1958 World Expedition in Brussels brought many Congolese elites to Belgium for the first time, accelerating the independence movement. ByRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth

Mr.michael Free Essays

What are the advantages and disadvantages of living alone? How can living alone or living with other people affect your mood or behavior? Is living alone something that Is appropriate for you? Why or why not? The advantages of living alone are that you feel more comfortable being dependent on yourself, no sense of control, and free. You can do whatever and however you want, keep things in the order you want, and no one will judge you. For example, ear anything you want, watch your favorite channel and listen to music as loud as you wish, and no one will complain about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr.michael or any similar topic only for you Order Now The disadvantage of living alone is that it gets depressing from time to time. Having a partner or a roommate is really helpful in many situations. One of the examples, if you fall ill there will be someone who will take care of you. Another example is that you will have company when watching TV, cooking food, or dinning together. But, there are different types of people, some refer living alone and it doesn’t get boring or depressing for them, others like to live with someone and feel comfortable with it. People who live alone tend to be more angry, lonely and depressed. Therefore, their mood is not always good. People who live with other people most of the times would be happy. This is because there is always someone they can chat with, discuss, and be around with. Living alone for me is appropriate, for now. I think that Is because now Is the stage in my life, where I need to live alone for a bit. Learn how to be dependent on myself, be responsible for the actions I do, and feel free. Mr.. Michael By mushy DO. Write What are the advantages and disadvantages of living alone? How can living alone or living with other people affect your mood or behavior? Is living alone something that is appropriate for you? Why or why not? Want, keep things in the order you want, and no one will Judge you. For example, Living alone for me is appropriate, for now. I think that is because now is the stage. How to cite Mr.michael, Papers

Rose Essays - A Rose For Emily, Emily, , Term Papers

Rose For Emily "A Rose for Emily" is the remarkable story of Emily Grierson, whose death and funeral drew the attention of the entire town. The unnamed narrator, whom some people consider as "the town" or at least a representative voice from it, relates key moments in Emily's life, including the death of her father and her brief fling with a Yankee. Beyond the literal level of Emily's narrative, the story is sometimes regarded as symbolic changes in the South after the civil war. Miss Emily's house symbols neglect in "A Rose for Emily". The story's opening with Miss Emily Grierson's death and funeral foreshadows the ending. The outcome is further emphasized by the symbolism of the decaying house, which parallels Miss Emily's physical deterioration and demonstrates her mental decline. Her life, like the decaying house, suffers from lack of genuine love and care. The characteristics of Miss Emily's house, like her physical appearance, are brought about by years of neglect. For example, the house is located in what was once a prominent neighborhood that has deteriorated. Originally white and decorated in "the heavily lightsome style" of an earlier time, the house has become "an eyesore among eyesores". Through lack of attention, the house has deteriorated from a beautiful estate, to an ugly uninviting shack. Similarly, Miss Emily has also become an eyesore. For example, she is first described as a "fallen monument" to suggest her former grandeur and her later ugliness. Like the house, she has lost her beauty. Once she had been a beautiful woman, who later became obese and bloated. Both house and occupant have suffered the ravages of time and neglect. The interior of the house also resembles Miss Emily's increasing degeneration and the growing sense of sadness that accompanies such decay. Initially, all that can be seen of the inside of the house is a dim hall where a staircase is mounted into still more shadow, with the house smelling of dust and disuse. The darkness and smell of the house connect with Miss Emily, like her voice that is dry and cold as if it were dark and dusty from disuse like the house. The similarity between the inside of the house and Miss Emily extends to the mantel, with the portrait of her father and Miss Emily sitting there. Inside and out, both the building and the body in which Miss Emily live are in a state of deterioration like tarnished metal. Finally, the townspeople's descriptions of both house and occupant reveal a common unattractive style. At one point the house is described as stubborn, as if it were ignoring the surrounding decay. Similarly, Miss Emily proudly overlooks the deterioration of her once-grand residence. These lies continue as she denies her father's death, refuses to discuss or pay taxes, ignores town gossip about her being a fallen woman, and does not tell the druggist why she is purchasing arsenic. Both the house and Miss Emily become traps for a representative of the twentieth century, which is Homer Barron, laborer, outsider, and confirmed bachelor. Just as the house seems to reject progress and updating, so does Miss Emily, until both of them become decaying symbols of their dying generation. Through descriptions of the house that resemble descriptions of Mss Emily Grierson, "A Rose for Emily" emphasizes the way that beauty and elegance can become distorted through neglect and lack of love. In this story, the house deteriorates for forty years until it becomes ugly and Miss Emily's physical and emotional condition deteriorates in a similar manner.

Italian Restaurant Review Essay

Italian Restaurant Review Essay Italian Restaurant Review Essay Authentic Italian cuisine is something many try, and fail to replicate. Cabattos does the best job of providing their customers with the full Italian experience. Not only is their restaurant a comfortable, romantic environment, their food is made completely from scratch and the staff treats you like part of their family. For starters, Cabattos embodies a very comfortable environment, although the restaurant is very rich and luxurious, it remains comfortable and has a very â€Å"at home† feeling. It is in an old house and decorated with many antiques such as paintings, mirrors, a stone fireplace, and an intricate wood staircase. Despite the overwhelmingly elegant appearance, the dim lighting, plush chairs, and warmth from the fire place create a relaxed mood. At Cabattos it is the small things such as having a coat rack on the wall, and the absence of a hostess stand that help customers feel comfortable. Italian people are very family oriented as most people know, and the sett ing at Cabattos represents this by being so welcoming and making everyone that walks through the door feel like they belong. Although Cabattos has a beautiful atmosphere, what really sets them apart from other restaurants is their homemade food. Cabattos puts very delicate care into their food and see their food every step of the way from making their pasta noodles from scratch, to the time is hits your plate. They excel at every dish with their homemade pasta sauce, tender meatballs, perfectly baked vegetables, and meat that just falls apart, it is clear their food is of outstanding quality. The menu is categorized for maximum comprehension by pasta, and strain of meat making it very easy to find something you would enjoy despite the confusing Italian names. Also, the menu includes elaborate descriptions of each dish down to the spices and types of cheese. There is a broad price range from around $20 for a main dish like chicken parmesan to $80 for a dish with veal or

Making Inferences to Improve Reading Comprehension

Making Inferences to Improve Reading Comprehension Students with dyslexia have difficulty drawing inferences from written text. A study completed by F.R. Simmons and C.H. Singleton in 2000 compared the reading performance of students with and without dyslexia. According to the study, students with dyslexia scored similarly when asked literal questions to those without dyslexia; however, when asked questions that relied on inferences, the students with dyslexia scored much lower than those without dyslexia. Inference: Key to Comprehension Inference is drawing conclusions based on information that has been implied rather than directly stated and is an essential skill in reading comprehension. People make inferences every day, both in oral and written communication. Many times this is so automatic most readers or listeners dont even realize the information wasnt included in the conversation or text. For example, read the following sentences: My wife and I tried to pack light but we made sure not to forget our bathing suits and sunblock. I wasnt sure if I would get seasick again so I made sure to pack some medicine for upset stomachs. You can deduct a great deal of information from these sentences: The author is married.He and his wife are going on a trip.They are going to be on a boat.They will be around water.They will be going swimming.They have gone swimming before.The author has gotten seasick on a boat in the past. This information was not clearly stated in the sentences, but you can use what was written to deduce or infer much more than what was said. Most of the information students get from reading comes from what is implied rather than direct statements, as you can see from the amount of information available by reading between the lines. It is through inferences that words take on meaning. For students with dyslexia, the meaning behind the words is often lost. Teaching Inferences Making inferences requires students to combine what they are reading with what they already know, to reach into their own personal knowledge and apply it to what they are reading. In the previous example, a student needs to know that having a bathing suit means someone is going swimming and that getting seasick means someone is going on a boat. This previous knowledge helps readers make inferences and understand what they are reading. Although this is a natural process and students with dyslexia may be able to apply these concepts to an oral conversation, they have more difficulty doing so with printed material. Teachers must work with such students to help them understand the process of making inferences, to be aware of inferences made in oral conversations, and then to apply this understanding to written works. Suggested Activities The following are ideas and activities teachers can use to reinforce inferring information from text: Show and infer. Rather than show and tell, have students bring in a few items that tell about themselves. The items should be in a paper bag or trash bag, something the other children cant see through. The teacher takes one bag at a time, bringing out the items, and the class uses them as clues to figure out who brought in the items. This teaches children to use what they know about their classmates to make educated guesses. Fill in the blanks. Use a short excerpt or passage appropriate for the grade level and take out words, inserting blanks in their place. Students must use clues in the passage to determine an appropriate word to fill the blank space. Use pictures from magazines. Have students bring in a picture from a magazine showing different facial expressions. Discuss each picture, talking about how the person might be feeling. Have students give supporting reasons for their opinion, such as, I think he is angry because his face is tense. Shared reading. Have students read in pairs; one student reads a short paragraph and must summarize the paragraph to her partner. The partner asks questions that have not been specifically answered in the summary to have the reader make inferences about the passage. Graphic thought organizers. Use worksheets to help students organize their thoughts to help come up with inferences. Worksheets can be creative, such as a picture of a ladder going up a tree to a treehouse. Students write their inference in the treehouse, and the clues to back up the inference on each rung of the ladder. Worksheets can also be as simple as folding a paper in half and writing the inference on one side of the paper and the supporting statements on the other. Sources Making Inferences and Drawing Conclusions. 6 Nov. 2003. Cuesta College.On Target: Strategies to Help Readers Make Meaning through Inferences. South Dakota Department of Education.The Reading Comprehension Abilities Of Dyslexic Students in Higher Education. Fiona Simmons-Chris Singleton - Dyslexia - 2000.